Chapter 26. Extending MySQL

Table of Contents

26.1. MySQL Internals
26.1.1. MySQL Threads
26.1.2. MySQL Test Suite
26.2. Adding New Functions to MySQL
26.2.1. Features of the User-Defined Function Interface
26.2.2. CREATE FUNCTION Syntax
26.2.3. DROP FUNCTION Syntax
26.2.4. Adding a New User-Defined Function
26.2.5. Adding a New Native Function
26.3. Adding New Procedures to MySQL
26.3.1. PROCEDURE ANALYSE
26.3.2. Writing a Procedure
26.4. Debugging and Porting MySQL
26.4.1. Debugging a MySQL Server
26.4.2. Debugging a MySQL Client
26.4.3. The DBUG Package
26.4.4. Comments about RTS Threads
26.4.5. Differences Between Thread Packages

26.1. MySQL Internals

This chapter describes a lot of things that you need to know when working on the MySQL code. If you plan to contribute to MySQL development, want to have access to the bleeding-edge versions of the code, or just want to keep track of development, follow the instructions in Section 2.4.15.3, “Installing from the Development Source Tree”. If you are interested in MySQL internals, you should also subscribe to our internals mailing list. This list has relatively low traffic. For details on how to subscribe, please see Section 1.6.1, “MySQL Mailing Lists”. All developers at MySQL AB are on the internals list and we help other people who are working on the MySQL code. Feel free to use this list both to ask questions about the code and to send patches that you would like to contribute to the MySQL project!

26.1.1. MySQL Threads

The MySQL server creates the following threads:

  • Connection manager threads handle client connection requests on the network interfaces that the server listens to. On all platforms, one manager thread handles TCP/IP connection requests. On Unix, this manager thread also handles Unix socket file connection requests. On Windows, a manager thread handles shared-memory connection requests, and another handles named-pipe connection requests. The server does not create threads to handle interfaces that it does not listen to. For example, a Windows server that does not have support for named-pipe connections enabled does not create a thread to handle them.

  • Connection manager threads associate each client connection with a thread dedicated to it that handles authentication and request processing for that connection. Manager threads create a new thread when necessary but try to avoid doing so by consulting the thread cache first to see whether it contains a thread that can be used for the connection. When a connection ends, its thread is returned to the thread cache if the cache is not full.

    For information about tuning the parameters that control thread resources, see Section 7.5.7, “How MySQL Uses Threads for Client Connections”.

  • On a master replication server, connections from slave servers are handled like client connections: There is one thread per connected slave.

  • On a slave replication server, an I/O thread is started to connect to the master server and read updates from it. An SQL thread is started to apply updates read from the master. These two threads run independently and can be started and stopped independently.

  • A signal thread handles all signals. This thread also normally handles alarms and calls process_alarm() to force timeouts on connections that have been idle too long.

  • If InnoDB is used, there will be 4 additional threads by default. Those are file I/O threads, controlled by the innodb_file_io_threads parameter. See Section 13.2.4, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”.

  • If mysqld is compiled with -DUSE_ALARM_THREAD, a dedicated thread that handles alarms is created. This is only used on some systems where there are problems with sigwait() or if you want to use the thr_alarm() code in your application without a dedicated signal handling thread.

  • If the server is started with the --flush_time=val option, a dedicated thread is created to flush all tables every val seconds.

  • Each table for which INSERT DELAYED statements are issued gets its own thread. See Section 12.2.4.2, “INSERT DELAYED Syntax”.

mysqladmin processlist only shows the connection, INSERT DELAYED, and replication threads.

MySQL Enterprise.  For expert advice on thread management subscribe to the MySQL Enterprise Monitor. For more information see, http://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/advisors.html.

26.1.2. MySQL Test Suite

The test system that is included in Unix source and binary distributions makes it possible for users and developers to perform regression tests on the MySQL code. These tests can be run on Unix.

The current set of test cases doesn't test everything in MySQL, but it should catch most obvious bugs in the SQL processing code, operating system or library issues, and is quite thorough in testing replication. Our goal is to have the tests cover 100% of the code. We welcome contributions to our test suite. You may especially want to contribute tests that examine the functionality critical to your system because this ensures that all future MySQL releases work well with your applications.

The test system consists of a test language interpreter (mysqltest), a Perl script to run all tests (mysql-test-run.pl), the actual test cases written in a special test language, and their expected results. To run the test suite on your system after a build, type make test from the source root directory, or change location to the mysql-test directory and type ./mysql-test-run.pl. If you have installed a binary distribution, change location to the mysql-test directory under the installation root directory (for example, /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test), and run ./mysql-test-run.pl. All tests should succeed. If any do not, feel free to try to find out why and report the problem if it indicates a bug in MySQL. See Section 1.7, “How to Report Bugs or Problems”.

If one test fails, you should run mysql-test-run.pl with the --force option to check whether any other tests fail.

If you have a copy of mysqld running on the machine where you want to run the test suite, you do not have to stop it, as long as it is not using ports 9306 or 9307. If either of those ports is taken, you should set the MTR_BUILD_THREAD environment variable to an appropriate value, and the test suite will use a different set of ports for master, slave, NDB, and Instance Manager). For example:

shell> export MTR_BUILD_THREAD=31
shell> ./mysql-test-run.pl [options] [test_name]

In the mysql-test directory, you can run an individual test case with ./mysql-test-run.pl test_name.

You can use the mysqltest language to write your own test cases. This is documented in the MySQL Test Framework manual, available at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/.

If you have a question about the test suite, or have a test case to contribute, send an email message to the MySQL internals mailing list. See Section 1.6.1, “MySQL Mailing Lists”. This list does not accept attachments, so you should FTP all the relevant files to: ftp://ftp.mysql.com/pub/mysql/upload/